Global food security is facing increasing pressure as ongoing conflict in the Middle East disrupts international supply chains, according to warnings from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank Group.
The three global institutions, speaking after a coordination meeting established to assess the economic and energy impact of the crisis, said the effects are “substantial, global, and highly asymmetric,” with developing and energy-importing nations bearing the greatest burden.
They noted that the conflict has pushed up global prices of oil, gas, and fertilisers, raising concerns about rising food costs, job losses, and declining export revenues in affected regions. Shipping routes remain unstable, particularly through key corridors such as the Strait of Hormuz, with full normalisation still uncertain.
The institutions warned that even if maritime trade begins to stabilise, it may take time for global supply chains to recover fully, especially for essential commodities. They also highlighted that damage to energy infrastructure could keep fuel and fertiliser prices elevated for an extended period, worsening pressure on global agriculture and food systems.
The impact of the crisis has already extended beyond energy markets, affecting employment, travel, tourism, and displacement of populations. Officials said coordinated international efforts are underway to support affected countries through policy advice and financial assistance where needed.
Recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) also shows a continued rise in global food prices, driven largely by higher energy costs linked to the conflict. The FAO Food Price Index recorded a second consecutive monthly increase, with significant price rises in vegetable oils, sugar, cereals, meat, and dairy products.
Analysts warn that prolonged instability in the region could further strain global food supplies, particularly if disruptions to fuel and fertiliser exports persist. Countries with high debt levels are seen as most vulnerable, as rising import costs could force reductions in food imports or shifts to lower-quality alternatives.
To mitigate risks, international agencies have called for stronger policy responses, including improved trade routes for agricultural inputs, protection of humanitarian supply chains, and long-term investment in storage, transport, and agricultural efficiency.
